Used of Drip Irrigation in civil engineering

                                                               

                                             Drip Irrigation

  INTRODUCTION

•  Also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation
• To apply sufficient moisture to the root of the crop - prevent water stress
•  A major difference between drip system and most other systems is that the balance between crop evapotranspiration and applied water

   What is Drip Irrigation?

•  In this system, water is delivered directly to the soil near the roots of the planet Through a special outlet device called an emitter or dripper
•  Water is supply drip by drip at very slow rate 2-10 ltr/hr
•  The water applied near the root zone spread laterally as well as vertically due to capillary action in the soil
  

   NEED OF DRIP IRRIGATION

•  To use water efficiently
•  No water to runoff or evaporation.
• It reduces water contact with crop leaves, stems, and fruits.
• Agricultural chemicals can be applied more efficiently

 DRIP IRRIGATION IS USEFUL FOR CROPS....

• FRUIT CROPS

          Banana, pomegranate, Grapes, Citrus, pineapple, watermelon,
          mango etc.

• VEGETABLE CROPS

         Cabbage, Cauliflower, Potato, Chillis, Radish, Brinjal, Capsicum,
         Bhindi, Beans, Baby corn, Carrots, Cucumber, Ashgourd,
         Gherkins, etc.

• COMMERCIAL CROP

          Cotton...


  MAIN COMPONENTS OF DRIP.       IRRIGATION

•  Water Source
•  Pumping System
•  Distribution System
•  Drip tape ( drip tube )
•  Injectors
•  Filtration System

                       Drip Irrigation

       Water Source

• Common water source for drip irrigation are surface water, ground water and potable water.
•  Use the water source that will provide the largest amount of water of greatest quality and lowest cost.

      PUMPING SYSTEM

•  The role of the pumping system is to move water from the water source to the field through the distribution system.
•  Pumping system may be classified as electric powered system, gas/diesel powered system and gravity system.

       DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

•  The role of the distribution system is to convey the water from the source to the field.
• Distribution system may be above ground or underground.
•  Pipes are most commonly made of PVC or polyethylene plastics.
• Aluminium pipes are also available, but are more difficult to customize, cut, and repair.

     Drip tape

•  The drip irrigation system delivers water to each plant through a thin polyethylene tape ( or tube ) with regularly spaced small holes .
•  In the field, drip irrigation tape should be installed with emitters upward ( looking up ) to prevent clogging

     INJECTORS

•  Injectors allow the introduction of fertilizer, chemicals and maintenance products into the irrigation system.
•  The most common injectors used with small drip irrigation systems are the Venturi (or Mazzei) injector and the Dosatron.
•  Because Venturi injectors involve no moving parts and are less expensive, they are commonly used on small farms.

    Filtration system

•  The filtration system removes "large" solid particles in suspension in the water.
•  Usage of type of filter is based on the type of particles in the water.
• Rapid clogging may occur when no filter is used.
• A drip irrigation system should never be operated without a filter even if the filter requires clogged drip tape emitters, often resulting in poor uniformity and sometimes in crop loss.

     Advantages Over Surface Irrigation

• Maximum use of available water.
•  No water being available to weeds.
•  Maximum crop yield
•  High efficiency in the use of fertilizers.
•  Low labour and relatively low operation cost.
•  No soil erosion.
•  No runoff of fertilizers into ground water.
•  Less evaporation losses of water as compared to surface irrigation.
•  Improves seed germination.

       Application

• Drip irrigation is used by farms, commercial green houses and residential green houses.
•  For cultivation in roof gardens .
•  In shopping malls and embankments.
• In steep slopes

                                                                            Conclusion

• Drip irrigation is a latest sub - surface method of irrigation water with higher water demands in arid region .
• It may not be applicable to all farms .
• Drip irrigation increase yields .